Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A personalized approach

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) requires a treatment plan tailored to each patient. The choice of therapies is based on many factors, and the medical team works closely with the patient to build the right plan.

Chemotherapy — the cornerstone

Chemotherapy is the foundation of ALL treatment and is often combined with other therapies. It can be given by mouth, by injection, intravenously, or intrathecally (into the spinal fluid) to reach cancer cells throughout the body. After induction and consolidation, maintenance chemotherapy typically continues for about two years.

Targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiation

Additional options include steroids, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. Immunotherapies such as blinatumomab or inotuzumab are especially valuable for relapsed or refractory disease. Radiation therapy is used for specific problems, such as central nervous system or testicular involvement.

Stem cell transplantation

For eligible patients, transplantation is a critical option — and only an allogeneic transplant (using donor stem cells) is used for ALL. Donor stem cells are infused to rebuild healthy blood-cell production. After transplant, patients are monitored closely until engraftment, usually within 2 to 4 weeks, when new blood and immune cells begin to form.

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified specialist about your individual condition.